Gilded Age and Populists (1869-1900) * This post-Civil War era was a time when everything looked coated in chocolate and gold, but underneath it was just a piece of rotten banana. It was also the beginning of more radical political groups.*

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1890 • Sherman Anti-trust Act • Wyoming enters the Union as the first state to have women’s suffrage.             • McKinley Tariff Act

1892 • Homestead Steel Strike • Close to 2 million acres of the Crow Indian reservation in Montana                are opened to white settlers. • 1892-1896 – Grover Cleveland elected

1893 • Panic of 1893 • Eugene V. Debs founds the militant American Railway Union.

1894 • Coxey’s Army • The Pullman Strike

1895 • U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co.

1896 • Plessy v. Ferguson • Dingley Tariff • 1896-1900 – William McKinley elected

1900 • 1900-1904 – William McKinley re-elected

1901 • United States Steel Company • President McKinley is shot by Anarchist Leon Czolgosz •                      Theodore Roosevelt is president.

1903 • Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first four successful flights of an air machine

1904 • 1904-1908 – Theodore Roosevelt elected 1905 • Lochner v. New York • Industrial Workers             of the World (IWW) is organized

1907 • "Gentlemanís Agreement" • Oklahoma is admitted to the Union.

1908 • Henry Ford introduces his famous Model T • 1908-1912 – William H. Taft elected

1911 • Arizona is admitted as a state.

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Empire and World Stage (1890-1900) * This era was a time of growing military power and influence.*

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1890 • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is founded • July 2 --Sherman                    Antitrust Act Sherman silver purchase act • McKinley tariff • December 29 -- Last major battle of              the Indian Wars occurs at Wounded Knee in South Dakota • Census Bureau announces that               the West has been settled and the frontier is closed • Idaho and Wyoming become states
1891 • Basketball invented • The Baltimore crisis occurs between Chile and the US • The Homestead              strike

1892 • January 1 -- Ellis Island becomes chief immigration station of the U.S. • 1892-1896 – Grover              Cleveland elected

1893 • Sherman Silver Purchase Act repealed • Panic of 1893

1894 • Coxy’s army • Pullman strike • Wilson Gorman Tariff

1895 • Pollock v. Farmers Loan and Trust Co.

1896 • Plessy v. Ferguson • William Jennings Bryan delivers his cross of gold speech • Gold                         discovered in the Yukon • Utah becomes a state • 1896-1900 – William McKinley elected

1898 • Spanish-American War • April 25 -- U.S. to declares war on Spain • Delome letter • Treaty of           Paris • July 7 -- U.S. annexes Hawaii by an act of Congress

1899 • December 2 -- U.S. acquires American Samoa by treaty with Great Britain and Germany

1900 • 1900-1904 – William McKinley re-elected 

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Progressivism (1900 – 1913) * The progressives were mainly middleclass men and women who wanted to wage war on the evils of the world: monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice. The muckrakers played an active role in exposing corruption and scandal.*

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1900 • Gold Standard Act • Boxer Rebellion and U.S. expedition to China • Second Open Door note           • 1900-1904 – William McKinley elected

1901 • United States Steel Corporation formed • Supreme Court Insular Cases • Platt Amendment •                McKinley assassinated • Roosevelt assumes presidency • Filipino rebellion defeated • Hay-                   Pauncefote Treaty • Commission system established in Galveston, Texas • Progressive Robert La             Follette elected governor of Wisconsin

1902 • U.S. troops leave Cuba • Colombian senate rejects canal treaty • Lincoln Steffens and Ida                Tarbell publish muckraking exposes • Anthracite coal strike • Newlands Act

1903 • Panamanian revolution against Colombia • Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty • Department of                        Commerce and Labor established • Elkins Act

1904 • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • Start of the construction of the Panama Canal               (finishes in 1914) • Northern Securities case • 1904-1908 – Theodore Roosevelt elected

1905 • United States takes over Dominican Republic customs • Roosevelt mediates RussoJapanese                  peace treaty • Lochner v. New York

1906 • San Francisco Japanese education crisis • Roosevelt arranges Algeciras conference • U.S.                Marines occupy Cuba, leave in 1909 • Hepburn Act • Upton Sinclair publishes The Jungle •               Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food and Drug Act

1907 • Oklahoma admitted to the Union • Great White Fleet • “Gentlemen’s Agreement” with Japan,             ends in 1908 • “Roosevelt panic”

1908 • Root-Takahira agreement • Muller v. Oregon • Aldrich-Vreeland Act • 1908-1912 – William            H. Taft elected

1909 • Payne-Aldrich Tariff

1910 • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded • Ballinger-               Pinchot affair

1911 • Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire • Standard oil antitrust case • U.S. Steel Corporation antitrust           suit 

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Wilson and WWI (1912-1920) The European war broke out in 1914. Initially the USA claimed neutrality but found them selves involved in the war in 1917.The war provided job opportunities for women and a large migration of Southern blacks to Northern big cities where wartime manufacturing was creating jobs. The war ended in 1919. Weary of war, America was receding into a period of isolationism.*

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1912 • Taft wins Republican nomination over Roosevelt • 1912-1916 – Woodrow Wilson elected 1913 • Underwood Tariff Act • 16th Amendment • Federal Reserve Act • Huerta takes power in                   Mexico • 17th Amendment 1914 • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Federal Trade Commission                       established • U.S. occupation of Vera Cruz, Mexico • World War I begins in Europe

1915 • La Follette Seamen’s Act • Luisitania torpedoed and sunk by German U-boat • U.S. Marines               sent to Haiti • Council of National Defense established

1916 • Sussex ultimatum and pledge • Workingmen’s Compensation Act • Federal Farm Loan Act •               Warehouse Act • Adamson Act • Pancho Villa raids New Mexico • Jones Act • U.S. Marines               sent to Dominican Republic • 1916-1920 – Woodrow Wilson re-elected

1917 • United States buys Virgin Islands from Denmark • Germany resumes unrestricted submarine                 warfare • Zimmermann note • United States enters World War I • Espionage Act of 1917

1918 • Wilson proposes the Fourteen Points • Sedition Act of 1918 • Armistice ends World War I 1919 • Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles • Wilson’s pro-League tour and collapse • 18th           Amendment • Volstead Act • Seattle general strike • Anderson publishes Winesburg, Ohio •               Start of “Red Scare” • American Legion founded • Chicago race riot

1920 • Final Senate defeat of Versailles Treaty • 19th Amendment • Radio broadcasting begins •                 Merchant Marine Act • 1920-1924 – Warren G. Harding elected

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The “Roaring” Twenties (1920-1929) *Economic boom of post WWI. People stopped worrying about the war and started living again. Excess everything: social events, alcohol, sex, and jazz.*

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1919• 18th Amendment adopted

1920• 19th Amendment adopted • Each-Cummins Transportation Act • Merchant Marine Act

1921• Towner Maternity Act • Emergency Quota Act • Sacco-Vanzetti Trial • Bureau of Budget created          • Teapot Dome Scandal • Capper-Volstead Act • Veteran’s Bureau created • Congress passed a            joint resolution declaring the war had officially ended

1921-1922 • Washington “Disarmament” Conference 1921-1923 • Warren G. Harding elected                  (Rep)

1922 • Five-Power Naval Treaty • Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law • Four-Power and Nine-Power Treaties           on the Far East

1923 • Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed • Adkins v. Children’s Hospital

1923-1928 • Calvin Coolidge takes over after Harding dies (Rep)

1924 • Immigration Act • Dawes Plan • KKK membership reaches 5 million • Adjusted Compensation          Act for veterans • McNary-Haugen Bill, vetoed • US troops removed from Dominican Republic

1925 • “Scarface” Al Capone begins 6 years of gang warfare • “Monkey Trial” / Scopes Trial

1926 • US troops occupy Nicaragua •

1927 Lindbergh flies the Atlantic solo • Sacco and Vanzetti executed

1928 • Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928-1932 • Herbert Hoover elected (Rep)

1929 • Agricultural Marketing Act sets up Federal Farm Board • Stock Market crashes – Great                       Depression begins 

1928 • 1928-1932 – Herbert C. Hoover elected

1930 • Drought destroys the Mississippi Valley • 1930-1936 -- Hoover Dam construction • Hawley-               Smoot Tariff

1931 • September – Japanese Imperialists invade Manchuria

1932 • Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) established • Norris-La Guardia AntiInjunction Act •               “Bonus Expeditionary Force” (BEF) marches to the capital • Stimson doctrine • Japanese bomb               Shanghai • 1932-1936 – Franklin D. Roosevelt elected

1933 • March 6-10 – Nationwide banking holiday • March 9-June 16 – Hundred Days Congress,               New Deal • Roosevelt formally recognizes the Soviet Union • FDR declares Good Neighbor                  policy toward Latin America • Drought turns eastern Colorado through western Missouri into the            Dust Bowl • 20th Amendment ratified • Summer – London Economic Conference, FDR                        torpedoes it • CWA established • Seventh Pan-American Conference • 21st Amendment                    adopted

1934 • Indian Reorganization Act • Tydings-McDuffie Act • Johnson Debt Default Act • Reciprocal                  Trade Agreements Act • Last marines left Haiti • Cuba released from the Platt Amendment

1935 • WPA established • Schechter “sick-chicken” case • CIO organized • US Neutrality Act •                   Mussolini (Italy) attacks Ethiopia

1936 • Inter-American Conference • US Neutrality Act • 1936-1939 – Spanish Civil War • 1936-1940 – Franklin D. Roosevelt re-elected

1937 • USHA established • US Neutrality Act • Roosevelt announces “courtpacking” plan • Panay                  incident

1939 • Hatch Act • Nazi-Soviet pact • WWII begins • US Neutrality Act 

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WWII Europe and Pacific (1933-1945) * This was the start of World War II right after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and Americans wanted revenge for all of the lost American lives. Soon after the Battle of the Bulge Germany surrenders and the US drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Japan surrenders ending WWII.*

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1933 • Soviet Union recognized • FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy • Burning of the Books in Germany •           Germany leaves League of Nations

1934 • “Night of the Long Knives” • Hitler becomes Fuhrer of Germany

1935 • Mussolini invades Ethiopia • US Neutrality Act • Germany starts military conscription

1936 • Spanish Civil War begins • Olympics begin in Berlin, Germany

1937 • 2nd US Neutrality Acts • Manchuria invaded by Japan

1938 • Hitler takes Austria overnight • Munich Conference

1939 • Hitler takes Czechoslovakia and Poland • World War II begins, France and Britain declare                  War • “Pact of steel” between Germany and Italy • Soviet Union expelled from League of                     Nations • 3rd US Neutrality Act • Spanish Civil War ends

1940 • France, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium fall • US peace-time draft starts • 1940-1944 – FDR re-elected

1941 • German-Soviet War begins • Attack on Pearl Harbor • US and Britain declare War on Japan             • US joins in War against Germany

1942 • Mass Genocide of Jews by Nazis • Battle of Stalingrad/turning point in the war • American             Forces join in European fight

1943 • “Zoot-suit” riots in Los Angeles • Casablanca Conference • Soviet Offensive begins

1944 • D-Day invasion of France • Battle of the Bulge

1945 • FDR dies • Truman takes over • Germany surrenders • Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs •                 Potsdam Conference • Japan surrenders and WW II ends.